Solar emission is black, i. If the light flux i. What is its efficiency? Solution The total heat rate W leaving the light bulb will go at equal per-unit-area amounts through any hypothetical sphere around the bulb.
Assume that a plasma of 1 cm diameter is located 1 cm above the surface, and that the plasma behaves like a blackbody at 20, K. Based on these assumptions calculate the radiative heat flux and the total radiation pressure on the metal directly under the center of the plasma. From equation 1. The radiation pressure is found similarly, from equation 1. Thus from equation 1. Estimate the amount of solar energy that i penetrates into the building, ii is absorbed by the window, and iii is reflected by the window.
How would you modify this statement in the light of Fig. Of that the fraction 0. The fractional reduction is 0.
However, Fig. Solution a For a horizontal collector the solar irradiation is readily determined from equation 1. Equation 1. With gray i. The inside of the furnace is at K and the intensity escaping from the hole is essentially blackbody intensity at that temperature. Solution a A total radiative intensity of Ib Tfurnace leaves the hole, equally into all directions. In order to measure the temperature inside a furnace, the pyrometer is focussed onto a hot black surface inside the furnace, a distance of 1 m away from the lens.
Assuming there is no radiation reflected from the furnace surface reaching the detector, what is the true surface temperature for the pyrometer reading of case b? Hint: Use equations 2. Solution Equations 2. Inspection of the reflection coefficients, equations 2. Following the development for nonabsorbing media, equations 2.
The contribution from Es vanishes for incident and reflected wave. Thus, from equation 2. Similarly, from equation 2. Choosing equation 2. Now, eliminating Ets from equations 2. It is a simple matter to show that other conditions give the same result. For example, from equation 2. From equation 2. From equations 2. Then, from equation 2. How must the dielectric-air interface be oriented so that the reflected wave is a linearly polarized wave in the y-z-plane?
Solution From equations 2. From Fig. Therefore, the surface may be expressed in terms of its surface normal as. What happens to the interference effects for this case? Solution a The desired overall reflectivity must be calculated from equation 2. If you have any questions, contact us here. Mechanical Engineering. Solution Manual Mechanical Books. Modest Solutions manual on pdf file not handwritten, pages, contains the statements and worked solutions to even and odds problems of the text This manual page contains the solutions to many but not all of the problems that are given at the end of each chapter, in particular for problems on topics that are commonly covered in a first or, at least, second graduate course on radiative heat transfer.
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