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Soda-lime glass melts at lower temperatures, making it ideal for use with a hot head torch; however, it reacts more readily to temperature changes, so heating and cooling must be done with care.
Soda-lime glass rods and tubes are best suited for small projects and fine-detail work, but they are available in a wide range of colors. Borosilicate glass requires higher temperatures to become molten, and therefore a stronger torch that combines fuel and oxygen will be needed. It is a tougher glass that is less prone to shattering at temperature changes, but it is more expensive. Boro, as it is affectionately called by glass blowers, is ideal for larger projects, but it is harder to use for small items and adding intricate details.
It is available in a limited range of colors. Note: Different COE glasses are not compatible with each other. Mandrels are metal rods used to aid in manipulating the molten glass and are used to wrap the glass around when forming beads and similar items.
A special coating for the mandrel, known as bead release, will prevent the glass from adhering to the metal. A heat-proof work surface is essential when lampworking. The workbench is where you will set up your torch and work on shaping your glass. A programmable kiln is used to bring the entirety of the glass object to the same temperature, relieve internal stresses, and slowly cool the glass to room temperature.
For lampworking, a glass or ceramic kiln may be used for this purpose. There are a few alternative methods for cooling small objects, though the results may not be as consistent as with a kiln. Before firing up your torch, always ensure that your workspace is sufficiently ventilated with fresh air flowing into the room at all times.
A crimp is a metal device that looks a bit like a pair of kitchen tongs, but has a textured surface. This tool creates a decorative design and texture when glass is squeezed between it. Crimps come in a variety of sizes, with different patterns to suit your specific needs. A marver is a table or surface on which glassblowers shape hot glass. Marvers are made from steel, brass, or graphite and were originally made from marble , which is how they got their name.
A parchoffi is similar to the jacks discussed above, but they have wooden blades instead of metal ones. Wooden blades are more rounded and therefore do not leave any marks in the glass when used to flare or shape the opening of a vessel. A parchoffi is dipped in water prior to using it to help it glide across the surface of the glass. Used after glass has been inflated, a punty is a small metal rod that glassblowers transfer their work to in the finishing stages of the glassblowing process.
The punty is carefully attached to the bottom of an inflated glass piece so the glassblower can work on the top of the item. A pyrometer is a remote-sensing thermometer that records the temperature of annealers and furnaces. This tool is helpful in ensuring that glass is heated and cooled down properly.
Wearing high-quality safety glasses is extremely important when glassblowing. The work environment is dangerous due to the amount of heat and delicate glass being used. Proper safety glasses protect the eyes from these dangers and allow glassblowers to see their work properly despite strong light. If a glassblower needs to inflate a piece more after it has been taken off a blowpipe, he or she can do so using a soffietta.
This tool features a metal tube with a conical nozzle at the end.
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